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1.
Ter. psicol ; 41(3)dic. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551082

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Discrimination affects the health and well-being of those who experience it. The relationship between discrimination and mental health in migrant communities and in the Chilean child and youth population has been previously studied, however, there is little evidence regarding the effects of discrimination on the general population. Objective: To analyze the relationship between discrimination and the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms in the Chilean population. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study evaluating 927 subjects in the cities of Arica, Antofagasta, and Santiago. To evaluate discrimination the Krieger Discrimination Experience Scale is used. To asses depressive and anxious symptomatology, the Beck scales for BDI Depression and BAI Anxiety were implemented. Results: The mean age of the sample is 33.9 years (Range 18-70 years; SD=13.13). 59.5% of the participants are female. 36% of the participants reported having experienced discrimination in some aspect of their lives. The highest perception of discrimination is associated with employment (42%) and the main reported causes are level of education or income, age, and gender. Experiences of discrimination exert statistically significant positive effects of moderate magnitude (b>.30) on depressive (b=.460, p<.001) and anxious (b=.480, p<.001) symptomatology, the latter being interrelated (b=.636, p<.001). Conclusions: More than a third of the population studied reported having been discriminated in some aspect of their lives. This perception is further accentuated in relation to employment. The perception of discrimination is associated with an increase in anxious and depressive symptoms in the Chilean population.


Introducción: La discriminación afecta la salud y el bienestar de las personas que la experimentan. Se ha estudiado ampliamente la relación entre discriminación y salud mental en comunidades migrantes y en población infanto-juvenil chilena, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia respecto a los efectos de esta en la población general. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre discriminación y la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en población chilena. Material y Método: Estudio transversal prospectivo evaluando 927 sujetos en las ciudades de Arica, Antofagasta y Santiago. Para evaluar discriminación se utiliza la escala de experiencias de discriminación de Krieger. Para evaluar sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa se utilizan las escalas de Beck para Depresión BDI y Ansiedad BAI. Resultados: La edad promedio de la muestra es de 33,9 años (Intervalo de 18 a 70 años; DE=13,13). El 59,5% de los participantes son mujeres. Un 36% de los participantes declara haber experimentado discriminación en algún aspecto de su vida. La mayor percepción de discriminación se asocia al empleo (42%) siendo las principales causas reportadas el nivel educacional o de ingresos, la edad y el sexo. Las experiencias de discriminación ejercen efectos positivos estadísticamente significativos de magnitud moderada (b>.30) sobre sintomatología depresiva (b=.460, p<.001) y ansiosa (b=.480, p<.001) estando las últimas interrelacionadas entre sí (b=.636, p<.001). Conclusión: Más de un tercio de la población estudiada reporta haber sido discriminada en algún aspecto de su vida. Esta percepción se agudiza en torno a la obtención de empleo. La percepción de discriminación se asocia a incremento en sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en la población chilena.

2.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407841

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Durante las últimas décadas la migración aumentó considerablemente en Chile generando preocupación por la salud de los migrantes. Respecto de la alimentación en escolares, la evidencia no es concluyente, por un lado, las preferencias alimentarias orientadas al territorio de acogida han sido asociadas a una menor calidad de la alimentación sumado a indicadores de malnutrición y por otro, escolares migrantes que presentaron menor riesgo de malnutrición por exceso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la calidad global de la alimentación y las preferencias alimentarias de escolares chilenos y migrantes residentes en Chile. Se realizó un estudio transversal de tipo descriptivo, el cual incluyó una muestra de 534 escolares migrantes y no migrantes, de ambos sexos, los cuales fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, completando un cuestionario sobre calidad de la alimentación y preferencias alimentarias. Se analizaron distribuciones de frecuencias mediante la prueba de Chi2 por grupos. Escolares migrantes reportaron una mejor calidad global de la alimentación que escolares chilenos (p= 0,002), con mejores indicadores. Respecto a la calidad global de la alimentación por tiempo de residencia, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p= 0,025) en favor de aquellos migrantes con más de 5 años de residencia. La calidad global de la alimentación aumentó en migrantes cuando las preferencias alimentarias estuvieron orientadas al territorio de origen. En escolares chilenos la calidad global de la alimentación aumentó, cuando prefirieron alimentos que no son tradicionales de Chile. En conclusión, escolares migrantes reportaron una mayor calidad global de la alimentación que chilenos, y esta aumenta cuando el tiempo de residencia es de 5 o más años. Es necesario seguir indagando sobre la calidad global de la alimentación y las preferencias alimentarias en escolares migrantes.


ABSTRACT During the last decades, migration increased considerably in Chile, generating concern for the health of migrants. On the one hand, food preferences oriented to the host territory have been associated with lower food quality and indicators of malnutrition; on the other hand, migrant schoolchildren present a lower risk of excess malnutrition. The objective of this research was to compare the overall food quality and food preferences of Chilean and migrant schoolchildren residing in Chile. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, which included a sample of 534 migrant and non-migrant schoolchildren, of both sexes, who were selected by convenience, completing a questionnaire on food quality and food preferences. Frequency distributions were analyzed using the chi-square test by groups. Migrant schoolchildren reported better overall food quality compared to Chilean schoolchildren (p= 0.002), with better indicators in the dimensions of healthy, unhealthy food, and meal times. We observed statistically significant differences in overall food quality by time of residence (p= 0.025) in favor of those migrants with more than 5 years of residence. It is noteworthy that the healthy category reached its highest proportion (41.4%) among those with five or more years of residence in Chile. The overall quality of food increased in migrants when food preferences were oriented to the territory of origin. In Chilean schoolchildren, overall food quality increased when they preferred foods not characteristic of Chile. In conclusion, migrant schoolchildren reported a higher overall food quality compared to Chilean schoolchildren, and this increased when the time of residence was 5 or more years. Further research is needed on the overall food quality and food preferences of migrant schoolchildren.

3.
Salud ment ; 45(4): 169-176, Jul.-Aug. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410090

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction There are few reports on mental health among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population in the context of COVID-19, especially in South America. Objective To describe the prevalence of symptoms associated with mental health disorders, as well as to analyze the risk of their occurrence, in different groups of the Chilean LGBT population in the context of COVID-19. Method A total of 1,181 LGBT people, ranged from 18 to 64 years participated in an online survey, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-DASS-21. The central tendency measures were analyzed, then cut-off points were used to establish prevalence according to sex and sexual orientation. Finally, the probability of symptoms was analyzed using odds ratio. Results Lower levels of mental health were identified among the bisexual and other sexual orientations (pansexual, demisexual, asexual, etc.) population as compared with gays and lesbians, finding a greater presence of depressive symptoms (p = .000), anxious (p = .000) and related to stress (p<.001). Similarly, bisexual women are more likely to present symptoms associated with mental health disorders than men, as lesbians do, as compared with gays in the case of anxiety. Gays are at a higher risk of stress than lesbians. Discussion and conclusion Even though the pandemic affected the entire population, results give evidence of disparities among the various LGBT communities, showing the need to focus on preventive interventions and the implications of increased risk in bisexual population, particularly women, who are affected by various cross discriminations.


Resumen Introducción Existen pocos reportes sobre la salud mental en poblaciones de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT) en el contexto del COVID-19, especialmente en Sudamérica. Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a problemas de salud mental, así como analizar su riesgo de ocurrencia en diferentes grupos de población LGBT chilena en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Método Participaron en una encuesta en línea un total de 1,181 personas LGBT, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 64 años, quienes completaron el cuestionario DASS-21 (del inglés Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Primero se analizaron las medidas de tendencia central, luego se estableció la prevalencia según sexo y orientación sexual y finalmente se analizó la probabilidad de presentar síntomas mediante el odss ratio. Resultados Se identificaron menores niveles de salud mental en la población bisexual y otras orientaciones sexuales (pansexual, demisexual, asexual, etc.), en comparación con gays y lesbianas, debido a una mayor presencia de sintomatología depresiva (p = .000), ansiosa (p = .000) y vinculada al estrés (p<.001). Asimismo, las mujeres bisexuales fueron más propensas que los hombres a presentar síntomas asociados a trastornos de salud mental, al igual que las lesbianas, en comparación con los gays en el caso de la ansiedad. Los gays tienen un mayor riesgo de estrés que las lesbianas. Discusión y conclusión Aun cuando la pandemia afectó a toda la población, los resultados evidencian las disparidades entre las distintas comunidades LGBT, mostrando la necesidad de centrarse en las intervenciones preventivas y las implicaciones de un mayor riesgo en la población bisexual, especialmente en las mujeres, que se ven afectadas por diversas discriminaciones cruzadas.

4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1421114

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar la capacidad predictiva de variables demográficas y psicosociales en el autorreporte de la salud física de migrantes colombianos y peruanos en Chile. Material y Método: Diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, correlacional, con muestreo intencional. Participaron 853 inmigrantes (51,7% colombianos y 48,3% peruanos; 51% mujeres) entre 18 a 71 años. Se evaluó el autorreporte del estado de salud física, variables sociodemográficas, síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, estrés por aculturación, apoyo social percibido, autoestima individual, entre otros, los que fueron analizados mediante regresión múltiple. Resultados: La población colombiana reportó un mejor estado de salud física. En ambos grupos, los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos fueron importantes predictores del estado de salud física. Otras variables predictivas fueron en peruanos: ingresos económicos, distancia con el país origen y años de permanencia en Chile, en tanto en colombianos: autoestima individual, discriminación y rechazo, y estado de salud actual en comparación con el que tenían en su país. En colombianos, el modelo explica el 14,7% de la varianza, en peruanos un 28,9%. Conclusiones: En ambas poblaciones los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, y el estrés por aculturación resultaron ser importantes predictores del autorreporte de la salud física, aportando evidencia a que el proceso migratorio afecta el estado de salud mental del migrante y este, a su vez, puede afectar su estado de salud física.


Objective: To identify the predictive capacity of demographic and psychosocial variables in the self-reported physical health of Colombian and Peruvian migrants in Chile. Materials and Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design using intentional sampling. A total of 853 immigrants (51.7% Colombians and 48.3% Peruvians; 51% women) between 18 and 71 years of age participated. Self-reported physical health status, sociodemographic variables, anxious and depressive symptoms, acculturation stress, perceived social support, individual self-esteem, among others, were evaluated and analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The Colombian population reported a better state of physical health. In both groups, anxious and depressive symptoms were important predictors of the physical health status. Other predictive variables were among Peruvians: income, distance from country of origin and years of permanence in Chile, while among Colombians: individual self-esteem, discrimination and rejection, and current health status compared to the one they had in their country. Among Colombians, the model explains 14.7% of the variance, whereas among Peruvians it accounts for 28.9%. Conclusions: In both populations, anxious and depressive symptoms, as well as acculturation stress turned out to be important predictors of self-reported physical health, providing evidence that the migratory process affects the migrant's mental health status, and this in turn can affect their physical health status.


Objetivo: Identificar a capacidade preditiva das variáveis demográficas e psicossociais na saúde física autorreferida de migrantes colombianos e peruanos no Chile. Material e Método: Desenho não experimental, transversal e correlacional com amostragem intencional. Participaram 853 imigrantes (51,7% colombianos e 48,3% peruanos; 51% mulheres) entre 18 e 71 anos. O estado de saúde física autorreferido, variáveis sociodemográficas, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, estresse de aculturação, apoio social percebido, auto-estima individual, entre outros, foram avaliados e analisados por meio de regressão múltipla. Resultados: A população colombiana relatou um melhor estado de saúde física. Em ambos os grupos, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos foram importantes preditores do estado de saúde física. Outras variáveis preditoras foram entre os peruanos: renda económica, distância do país de origem e anos de permanência no Chile, enquanto nos colombianos: auto-estima individual, discriminação e rejeição, e estado de saúde atual em comparação ao que tinham em seu país. Entre os colombianos, o modelo explica 14,7% da variância, entre os peruanos ele representa 28,9%. Conclusões: Em ambas as populações, os sintomas ansiosos e depressivos e o estresse de aculturação revelaram-se importantes preditores da saúde física autorreferida, evidenciando que o processo migratório afeta o estado de saúde mental do migrante, e este, por sua vez, pode afetar seu estado de saúde física.

5.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 34: 03, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1155185

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Acculturation stress is associated with poorer physical and mental health and a lower level of psychological well-being. The causes of acculturation stress are diverse, but most are similar in the migrant population. Despite the importance of evaluating this variable, few studies have reported culturally adapted and validated instruments for specific populations. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short scale for the evaluation of acculturation stress (EBEA). Methods: Two studies were conducted, involving 1725 first-generation Colombian and Peruvian migrants living in Chile, between the ages of 18 and 60 years. In addition to the EBEA and as evidence of validity, the Beck Anxiety Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF psychological health domain were applied. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out, and the reliability and nomological validity were evaluated. Results: The results in both studies indicated that the scale presents a factorial structure of three dimensions: (a) the stress derived from the preparation and departure from the country of origin, (b) the stress produced by socioeconomic concerns in the host country, and (c) the tensions typical of adaptation to sociocultural changes or Chilean society. The reliability coefficients and the analysis of their nomological validity were very good. Conclusions: The EBEA is a measure that offers quick, useful screening for researchers who need a short measure for research among migrants. This tool contributes to the work of education, prevention, and intervention in the field of general health and migrants' mental health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Stress, Psychological/ethnology , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Peru , Chile , Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia
6.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 23(2): 410-437, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124051

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that have reported the use of identity fusion theory. The review followed guidelines and recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The following databases were used Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO and JSTORE databases. Empirical studies were selected, in Spanish and English that were published between 2009 and 2018. 52 articles were found that met the selection criteria. Most studies give evidence that identity fusion is a strong predictor of extreme sacrifice behaviors by the group. Likewise, identity fusion has generally been associated with variables such as: identification with the group, group commitment, perceived social support, loyalty even in ostracized conditions, feelings, affects and emotions towards the group, perception of kinship, among other. Its implications and limitations are discussed.


Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios empíricos que han reportado el uso de la teoría de fusión de identidad. Para esto, la revisión siguió los lineamientos y recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO y JSTORE. En total, se revisaron 52 estudios empíricos, en español y en inglés, publicados entre los años 2009 y 2018, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. La mayoría de los estudios dan evidencia de que la fusión de identidad es un fuerte predictor de conductas extremas de sacrificio por el grupo, y también, se ha asociado generalmente a variables como la identificación con el grupo, el compromiso grupal, el apoyo social percibido, la lealtad incluso en condiciones de ostracismo, los sentimientos, afectos y emociones hacia el grupo, y la percepción de parentesco, entre otras. Al final se discuten sus implicaciones y limitaciones.

7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(9)sept. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389328

ABSTRACT

Background: Migratory processes may affect mental health. Data on the health status of migrants are necessary for an adequate public health approach. Aim: To describe the prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms in Colombian migrants living in Chile and to compare it with the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Beck and BDI scales for depression and BAI anxiety scale were applied to 1,932 participants living in Arica, Antofagasta and Santiago. Of these, 976 participants (51% women) aged 35 ± 10 years were first generation Colombian migrants and 956 participants aged 34 ± 14 years were Chilean. Results: The scores for depressive and anxious symptoms were higher in Chileans than in Colombians. Women reported worse mental health in both groups. Chilean and Colombian respondents residing in Arica and Antofagasta had a higher degree of anxiety and depression than their counterparts residing in Santiago. Conclusions: Chileans have worse mental health indicators than Colombian migrants. There are differences by sex and city of residence.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Transients and Migrants , Depression , Anxiety/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Colombia/ethnology , Depression/epidemiology
8.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(5): 724-729, set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138608

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria - EdeAA, instrumento diseñado para evaluar dichas habilidades basándose en el modelo categórico de estrategias de aculturación propuesto por Berry. Trecientos tres inmigrantes colombianos residentes en la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile participaron del estudio. Se testeó la comprensión y pertinencia cultural de la redacción de los ítems, paralelamente se realizó validación de expertos y finalmente se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Como resultados, los índices de bondad de ajuste indican que el modelo propuesto en este trabajo presenta un ajuste global aceptable (x2= 55,9; gl= 19; p<0,001; CFI= 0,960; RMSEA= 0,080 (0,056 - 0,105)). Se concluye que los resultados sustentan empíricamente la validez de la estructura interna de la Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria - EdeAA. Se sugiere replicar estos resultados en diferentes condiciones (distintas muestras, otros métodos de estimación, etc.). En esta línea es necesario realizar análisis de invarianza factorial con diversos grupos de migrantes residentes en distintos países.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Food Acculturation Strategies Scale - EdeAA (in Spanish Escala de Estrategias de Aculturación Alimentaria), an instrument designed to evaluate skills based on the categorical model of acculturation strategies proposed by Berry. Three hundred and three Colombian immigrants living in the city of Antofagasta, Chile participated in the study. The understanding and cultural relevance of the writing of the items was tested, in parallel with expert validation and finally a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. Goodness-of-fit indices indicated that the model proposed in this work had an acceptable global adjustment (x2 = 55.9; gl= 19; p < 0.001; IFC= 0.960; RMSEA= 0.080 (0.056 - 0.105)). We conclude that the results empirically support the validity of the internal structure of the Food Acculturation Strategies Scale - EdeAA. Replicating these results under different conditions (different samples, other estimation methods, etc.) is suggested. In this line, it is necessary to carry out factor invariance analyses with different groups of migrants residing in different countries.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Transients and Migrants , Emigrants and Immigrants , Food , Acculturation , Psychometrics , Social Adjustment , Feeding Behavior
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(8)ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389295

ABSTRACT

Background: COVID-19 has effects on the mental health of health care workers. Aim: To explore the presence of symptoms associated with mental health problems and associated risk factors in health workers. Material and Methods: The questionnaires PHQ-9 for depression, GAD-7 for anxiety, ISI-7 for insomnia and IES-R-22 for psychological distress were applied to 125 health care workers aged 18 to 67 years (32 physicians, 22 nurses and 71 of other professions) laboring in hospitals and primary care facilities along Chile. Results: Sixty five percent reported depression symptoms, 74% anxiety, 65% insomnia and 57% distress. Physicians had lower median scores in all scales than nurses and other health professionals. Professionals attending patients with respiratory infections or with COVID-19 had higher median scores in the scales that their counterparts. Conclusions: The frequency of mental health problems among these professionals is high and preventive measures should be taken.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mental Health , Health Personnel/psychology , Pandemics , COVID-19/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/epidemiology , Psychological Distress , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology
10.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 16(1): 13-24, ene.-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375272

ABSTRACT

Resumen Si bien hay antecedentes empíricos acerca de la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (cvrs) en niños, no hay evidencia de estudios similares en Colombia. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir las propiedades psicométricas iniciales de la versión en español del tapqol2 en una muestra de 229 cuidadores de niños preescolares entre tres y seis años de edad, de ambos sexos, residentes en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizó un análisis factorial con extracción de componentes principales y rotación Varimax, así como un análisis de consistencia interna por alfa de Cronbach para la escala general y cada factor obtenido, corre­laciones inter-elemento y estadísticos total-elemento. Los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario tapqol2 presenta un alfa de Cronbach de 0.81, explica una varianza acumulada del 66.44% y correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos. Con relación al instrumento original, el cuestionario tapqol2 mantiene 12 factores, pero se diferencia en que se fusionan los factores emociones positivas y vitalidad, mientras que emerge un nuevo factor relacionado con el control comportamental del niño. Se encuentra que los indicadores psicométricos del cuestionario son consistentes con investigaciones previas sobre los componentes del bienestar en los niños.


Abstract While there are empirical antecedents in the measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life (hrqol) in children, there is no evidence of similar studies in Colombia. For this reason, the objective of this investigation is to describe the initial psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the tapqol2 in a sample of 229 caregivers for preschool children of both sexes between three and six years of age who reside in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. A factorial analysis was carried out with extraction of the main components and Varimax rotation, as well as internal consistency analysis by means of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the general scale and for every obtained factor, inter-element correlations and total-element statistics. Results showed that the tapqol2 questionnaire presents a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81, explains a cumulative variance of 66.44%, and presents positive correlations across all items. In relation to the original instrument, the tapqol2 questionnaire keeps 12 factors, but it differs in that the positive emotions and vitality factors are merged in the same factor, while a new factor related to the behavioral control of the child emerges. It was found that the psychometric indicators of the questionnaire are consistent with previous research on the components of child wellbeing.

11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(5): 644-652, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139348

ABSTRACT

Background: There are no reference values for the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-E) for the Chilean population. Aim: To elaborate reference values for the interpretation of the DERS-E for the Chilean population. Material and Methods: The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was answered by participants from the general population (1,153 heterosexual men and women and 467 gay and lesbian individuals) and a group of 351 participants with emotional complaints. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to obtain the reference values. A concordance index was determined, and the odds ratio was calculated to evaluate the probability of having mental health problems comparing participants with emotional complaints with those from the general population. Results: The DERS-E cut-off score was 73 points for the Chilean population. No differences were detected for emotional regulation difficulties between men and women or by sexual orientation. Age had a weak association with emotional regulation difficulties. Conclusions: DERS-E has an adequate diagnostic capacity, allowing to differentiate between those who have high or low emotional regulation difficulties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Emotional Regulation , Reference Values , Chile
12.
Ter. psicol ; 38(1): 103-118, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115943

ABSTRACT

Resumen En diciembre de 2019, se informaron casos de neumonía potencialmente mortal en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China (COVID-19). Esta enfermedad se ha extendido rápidamente por todo el mundo con miles de casos confirmados y muertes, transformándose en pandemia y desafiado los sistemas de salud pública. No existe aún vacuna ni tratamiento científicamente probado, sin embargo, se ha identificado los comportamientos exactos que pueden evitar el contagio y propagación. El presente artículo sistematiza información disponible inicial sobre psicología y COVID-19. Se discute que gran parte del problema de la enfermedad se puede evitar cambiando los comportamientos de las personas y que la psicología puede ayudar a explicar, prevenir e intervenir para su solución. La psicología cuenta con evidencia científica disponible que explica todos estos fenómenos, evidencia que debe ser puesta en relieve por los mismos actores de las disciplinas a disposición de otras áreas del conocimiento y sobre todo para los tomadores de decisión.


Abstract In December 2019, highly lethal cases of pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (COVID-19). This disease has spread rapidly around the world with thousands of confirmed cases and deaths, becoming a pandemic and challenging public health systems. There is no vaccine or scientifically proven treatment yet, but the exact behaviours that can prevent transmission and spread have been identified. This article systematizes initial available information on psychology and COVID-19. It is discussed that much of the problem of the disease can be avoided by changing people's behaviors and that psychology can help explain, prevent and intervene to solve it. Psychology has scientific evidence available that explains all these phenomena, evidence that should be highlighted by the same actors in the disciplines available to other areas of knowledge and especially for decision makers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/psychology , Psychology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Primary Prevention , Behavioral Medicine , Public Health , Health Personnel/psychology , Crisis Intervention , Secondary Prevention , Tertiary Prevention , Pandemics
13.
Ter. psicol ; 37(3): 225-240, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059120

ABSTRACT

Resumen Mediante un diseño no experimental, analítico y transversal, se analizó el efecto que tiene la discriminación racial y étnica sobre la autoestima individual (AI) y colectiva (AC), según el fenotipo declarado. Para esto fueron encuestados 481 migrantes de nacionalidad colombiana (54 % mujeres y 46 % hombres), con edades entre los 18 y los 65 años, con una media de 35 años. Se aplicaron las escalas de AI de Rosenberg, de discriminación percibida de Krieger et al y la adaptación de Basabe de la escala de AC de Luthanen et al. Se observan efectos diferenciales de la discriminación étnica y/o racial sobre la AI y sobre la AC. En personas que se autoidentifican como "blancos", la percepción de discriminación racial se relaciona leve y positivamente con la AI; en quienes se perciben como "mestizos o nativos americanos", la discriminación racial tiene un efecto positivo moderado sobre la AC; en quienes se identifican como "afrodescendientes", ambas discriminaciones tienen un efecto positivo leve sobre la AI, mientras que la discriminación racial perjudicaría moderadamente la AC; y, finalmente, en quienes se identifican como "mulatos", ambas discriminaciones tendrían efectos leves o moderados positivos en los dos tipos de autoestima. Estos resultados aportan evidencia al efecto del fenotipo en la relación establecida entre la discriminación y la autoestima.


Abstract Through a non-experimental, analytical and cross-sectional design, we analyze the effect that racial and ethnic discrimination has on individual (ISE) and collective (CSE) self-esteem, according to the declared phenotype. 481 Colombian migrants (54 % women and 46 % men), aged between 18 and 65 (average of 35 years), were surveyed. Were applied the Rosenberg ISE scales, perceived discrimination of Krieger et al. and Basabe's adaptation of the CSE scale of Luthanen et al. Differential effects of ethnic and / or racial discrimination on ISE and on CSE are observed. In people who identify themselves as "white", the perception of racial discrimination is slightly and positively related to ISE. In those who are perceived as "mixed or Native American", racial discrimination has a moderate positive effect on CSE. In those who identify themselves as "Afro-descendants," both discriminations have a slight positive effect on ISE, while racial discrimination would moderately harm CSE. Finally, in those who identify themselves as "mulattos," both discriminations would have mild or moderate positive effects on both types of self-esteem. These results provide evidence to the effect of the phenotype on the relationship established between discrimination and self-esteem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Self Concept , Transients and Migrants , Ethnicity , Adaptation to Disasters , Racism , Social Discrimination , Chile
14.
Ter. psicol ; 37(3): 317-326, dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059126

ABSTRACT

Resumen La psicología en tanto práctica profesional y de investigación científica no puede ni debe permanecer aislada de los contextos en los que se desarrolla. Frente a los profundos sentimientos de malestar expresados por el pueblo chileno en movilizaciones sociales desde el 18 de octubre de 2019, que responden directamente a la implementación de un modelo neoliberal desprovisto de justicia social, como psicólogas y psicólogos nos sentimos llamados a levantar los requerimientos mínimos que consideramos que nuestra disciplina debe asumir. Bajo este marco, se presenta un Manifiesto que contempla 22 puntos, construido de manera colaborativa por 13 psicólogas y psicólogos de diversas instituciones que, en una labor colectiva, lo proponen como agenda de trabajo para los próximos meses. Sabiendo que este listado no es definitivo ni exhaustivo, lo ofrecemos a la comunidad como un punto de partida para la deliberación, discusión y debate dentro de Universidades, centros de investigación, sociedades científicas y profesionales y al aparato estatal, de manera de fortalecer el rol de la psicología en la problematización y reducción las inequidades e injusticias, así como en el fomento del bienestar psicosocial.


Abstract Psychology as a professional and scientific practice should and must not remain isolated from the contexts in which it develops. Considering the deep feelings of discomfort expressed by the Chilean people during social mobilizations since October 18th, 2019, in response to the implementation for decades of a neoliberal model devoid of social justice, as psychologists we feel summoned to raise the minimum requirements we think our discipline must assume about that matter. Under these assumptions, a Manifesto is presented. It includes 22 items, which have been elaborated by 13 psychologists from several institutions that, in a collective effort, propose them as an agenda to work on in the next months. Knowing that this list is not definitive or exhaustive, we offer it to the community as a point of departure for deliberation, discussion and debate within universities, research centers, scientific and professional societies, and the state apparatus, in order to strengthen the role of psychology in the problematization and reduction of inequities and injustices, as well as in promoting psychosocial well-being.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology , Social Justice , Social Problems , Societies , Emotions , Chile
15.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(4): 202-208, dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1103626

ABSTRACT

Se ha reportado que el contexto universitario propicia un hábito alimentario inadecuado, orientado al consumo de alimentos de conveniencia caracterizados por ser de bajo costo, hipercalóricos, altos en grasas saturadas y de escaso valor nutritivo lo que aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En este contexto, la evidencia refiere que algunos indicadores psicológicos como mayores niveles de satisfacción vital y apoyo familiar se relacionan con una dieta de mayor calidad al mismo tiempo que es asociada a un menor índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, existe un vacío teórico respecto a las distintas caracterizaciones de comportamientos alimentarios que guían la toma de decisiones relacionadas con las preferencias y consumo de alimentos en población universitaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación existente entre caracterizaciones de comportamiento alimentario con el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes universitarios en el norte de Chile. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 647 estudiantes residentes en las ciudades de Arica y Antofagasta, el promedio de edad fue de 22 años, se utilizó el cuestionario de bienestar psicológico de Carol Ryff y el cuestionario holandés de conductas alimentarias. Los resultados indican que la ingesta emocional tiene el mayor efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico relacionándose significativa y negativamente con todas sus dimensiones, la tendencia restrictiva se asoció con autoaceptación, relaciones positivas y autonomía, finalmente la ingesta externa no reportó ningún efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico. Es necesario generar más evidencia de la relación entre variables psicológicas y alimentación(AU)


It has been reported that the university context fosters an inadequate eating habit, oriented to the consumption of convenience foods characterized by being low cost, hypercaloric, high in saturated fat and low nutritional value, which increases the risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases. In this context, the evidence refers that some psychological indicators such as higher levels of life satisfaction and family support are related to a higher quality diet while being associated with a lower body mass index. However, there is a theoretical gap regarding the different characterizations of eating behaviors that guide decision making regarding food preferences and consumption in the university population. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between characterizations of eating behavior with the psychological well-being of university students in northern Chile. The sample consisted of 647 students residing in the cities of Arica and Antofagasta, the average age was 22 years, the Carol Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire and the Dutch food behavior questionnaire were used. The results indicate that emotional intake has the greatest effect on psychological well-being by being significantly and negatively related to all its dimensions, the restrictive tendency was associated with self-acceptance, positive relationships and autonomy; finally, external intake did not report any effect on psychological well-being. It is necessary to generate more evidence of the relationship between psychological variables and food(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Personal Satisfaction , Affect , Eating/psychology , Feeding Behavior , Universities , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Food Addiction
16.
Suma psicol ; 26(2): 86-93, jul.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099374

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala verbal de fusión de identidad propuesta por Gómez et al. (2011), en una muestra de migrantes colombianos residentes en tres ciudades diferentes de Chile. El muestreo fue por conveniencia y se encuestaron a 959 participantes, de los cuales 49.3% fueron hombres y 50.7% mujeres, con una edad promedio de 35, 46 años (DE=10.23). Se realizaron estimaciones de fiabilidad, análisis factoriales confirmatorios y modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados dan evidencia de un buen ajuste de la bifactorial estructura de la escala (RMSEA=.069; CFI=.979; TLI=.960), con adecuados niveles estimados de fiabilidad (sentimientos de conexión: α =.92; ω =.93; fuerza recíproca: α=.92; ω=.92). Además, probamos que la escala se relaciona de manera positiva con otras dos variables identitarias: la subescala importancia de la identidad colectiva de la escala de autoestima colectiva de Luhtanen y Crocker (1992), y una escala ad-hoc construida a partir de algunos elementos de la escala de identidad étnica validada por Smith (2002) en Costa Rica. Finalmente, se concluye que las puntuaciones de la escala de fusión de identidad poseen evidencia suficiente para sustentar su uso en investigaciones sobre población migrante colombiana en Chile.


Abstract The objective of the present investigation is to analyze the psychometric properties of the verbal identity fusion scale proposed by Gómez et al. (2011), in a sample of Colombian migrants residing in three different cities in Chile. Sampling was for convenience and 959 participants were surveyed. 49.3% were men and 50.7% were women, with an average age of 35.46 years (SD=10.23). Reliability estimates, confirmatory factor analyzes and structural equations model were made. The results give evidence of a good adjustment of the bifactorial scale structure (RMSEA=.069; CFI=.979; TLI=.960), with adequate estimated levels of reliability (connection: α =.92; ω =.93; reciprocal force: α =.92; ω =.92). In addition, we prove that the scale is positively related to two other identity variables: Importance of the Collective Identity subscale of the Luhtanen & Crocker Collective Self-Esteem Scale (1992), and an ad hoc scale constructed from some elements of the scale of Ethnic Identity validated by Smith (2002) in Costa Rica. Finally, it is concluded that the scores of the identity fusion scale have sufficient evidence to support its use in research on the Colombian migrant population in Chile.

17.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 46(2): 190-196, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003693

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia existente respecto del comportamiento alimentario y dieta en inmigrantes, sus características y las dimensiones consideradas para su estudio. Debido al aumento progresivo de la migración de latinoamericanos hacia Chile durante las últimas décadas y la escasa evidencia acerca del posible impacto que genera este nuevo contexto cultural en sus hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional y salud en general. Se ha reportado que el proceso de migración tiende a provocar un impacto negativo en la salud de los inmigrantes asociados a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, malnutrición por exceso y a una peor calidad de vida relacionadas a un mayor grado de asimilación y a conductas alimentarias poco saludables como el consumo de alimentos altamente procesados ricos en grasa y azúcares, mayor frecuencia de comida fuera del hogar y aumento de colaciones dulces. Sin embargo, existen diferencias por sexo, edad, país de origen, nivel socioeconómico, composición del barrio, y tiempo de residencia por lo que resulta necesario generar evidencia del contexto chileno que permita caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario y la dieta de los inmigrantes para diseñar medidas sanitarias culturalmente competentes que favorezcan su salud y calidad de vida.


ABSTRACT The objective of this review was to describe the existing evidence regarding the dietary behavior and diet of immigrants, their characteristics and the dimensions considered for their study due to the progressive increase in the migration of Latin Americans to Chile during the last decades and the scarce evidence about the possible impact generated by this new cultural context in eating habits, nutritional status and health in general. It has been reported that the migration process tends to have a negative impact on the health of immigrants associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition due to excess and a lower quality of life related to a greater degree of assimilation and unhealthy behaviors such as the consumption of highly processed foods rich in fat and sugars, greater frequency of eating out and increased sweet snacks. However, there are differences by sex, age, country of origin, socioeconomic level, neighborhood composition and residence time so it is necessary to produce evidence from the Chilean context that allows for the characterization of food behavior and diet of immigrants to design culturally competent measures that favor health and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Hyperphagia , Nutritional Status , Emigrants and Immigrants , Feeding Behavior , Acculturation , Chile
18.
Univ. psychol ; 16(supl.5): 221-233, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979464

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las minorías migrantes afrontan el estrés aculturativo con respuestas conductuales y cognitivas. Las fuentes de estrés por aculturación incluyen la discriminación, las diferencias socioculturales, la añoranza del origen y la ruptura familiar. Se entrevistaron 853 inmigrantes peruanos y colombianos en Chile (51 % mujeres y edad M = 33.19; DE = 9.54). Se aplicaron escalas de estrés por aculturación y formas de afrontamiento. La distancia y añoranza familiar fue la principal fuente de estrés siendo mayor entre los colombianos, quienes usan más la movilidad individual, la distracción y las comparaciones sociales, mientras los peruanos internalizan más el estigma del inmigrante. Las comparaciones intergrupales y temporales se relacionaron con menor estrés de aculturación. Se discute la importancia de las formas de afrontar el estrés en minorías migrantes.


Abstract Acculturative stress includes discrimination, socio-cultural differences, nostalgia for the place of origin and family separation, and immigrant minorities face it with behavioral and cognitive responses. 853 Peruvians and Colombians living in Chile were interviewed (51% woman, age M = 33.19, SD = 9.54) using acculturative stress and coping scales. Distance from home and family separation were the main source of stress among Colombians, who used more individual mobility, distraction and social comparisons as coping strategies, while Peruvians internalized more the immigrant stigma. Inter-group and temporary comparisons were more related to less acculturative stress. Stress coping strategies among immigrant minorities are discussed. Keyword: immigration; ethnicity; acculturative stress; coping Introducción


Subject(s)
Emigration and Immigration , Chile , Ethnicity
19.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 49(3): 213-221, sep.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-901990

ABSTRACT

Resumen El estudio del bienestar ha cobrado creciente relevancia dada su relación con estados psicológicos como la ansiedad, depresión, estrés y también la salud. Sin embargo, se cuenta con pocas propuestas explicativas del bienestar, así como validación empírica transcultural de estos. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de una variable contextual cultural sobre un modelo explicativo de bienestar, específicamente si las creencias religiosas moderan el efecto mediador de los afectos positivos sobre la relación optimismo y salud. La muestra de este estudio consistió en 529 participantes de dos países latinoamericanos (285 de Chile y 244 de Colombia). Los resultados indican que en ambos países hay un efecto significativo del optimismo sobre la percepción de salud mediado por los afectos positivos. Sin embargo, las creencias religiosas no ejercen un efecto significativo sobre la intensidad de las relaciones entre las variables del modelo de base. La importancia de los factores culturales y de los estudios transculturales sobre el bienestar son presentados y discutidos.


Abstract The study of well-being has gained increasing relevance given its relationship with psychological states such as anxiety, depression, stress, as well as health. Nonetheless, there are few explanatory proposals on well-being, or any empirical cross-cultural validation of these. The present study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of a cultural contextual variable on an explanatory model of well-being, specifically on whether religious beliefs moderate the mediating effect of the positive affects on the relationship between optimism and health. The sample of this study consisted of 529 participants from two Latin American countries (285 from Chile and 244 from Colombia). The results indicate that, in both countries, there is a significant effect of optimism on the perception of health mediated by positive affects. However, religious beliefs do not exert a significant effect on the intensity of the relationships between the variables of the base model. The importance of cultural factors and cross-cultural studies on well-being are presented and discussed.


Subject(s)
Religion , Optimism , Health , Affect
20.
Ter. psicol ; 35(1): 111-114, Apr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043457

ABSTRACT

El estudio describe la relación entre los efectos secundarios a la medicación y la calidad de vida en pacientes con esquizofrenia. La muestra contó con 253 pacientes de los Servicios Públicos de Salud Mental de Bolivia, Perú y Chile quienes fueron evaluados con la Escala Barnes de Acatisia (EBA); la Escala de Simpson-Angus (SAS) y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (SQoL-18). Ambas escalas: EBA (ß=-2,17; p=0,019) y SAS (ß=-1,97; p= 0,034) presentaron una relación significativa con la escala de calidad de vida. Variables sociodemográficas como la edad (ß=-2,17; p= 0,032); la ocupación (ß=-4,12; p= 0,046); el nivel educativo (ß=-7,14; p= 0,005); la etnia (ß=-3,91; p= 0,035) y variables clínicas como severidad del trastorno (PANSS) mostraron también un peso significativo en la calidad de vida (ß=-6,35; p= ≤ 0,01). Al igual que en países desarrollados, los efectos secundarios de los antipsicóticos tienen una influencia en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.


The study describes the relationship between antipsychotic drug side effects and quality of life in a sample of individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The sample included 253 patients' users of different Public Mental Health Services from Bolivia, Peru and Chile who were evaluated with the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), the Simpson-Angus (SAS) and the Schizophrenia Quality of Life short version questionnaire (SQoL-18). A statistical significant correlation was found between quality of life (SQoL-18) and total scores in the BARS (ß=-2,17; p= 0,019) and SAS (ß=-1,97; p= 0,034). Socio-demographic variables, such as age (ß=-2,17; p= 0,032), education (ß=-7,14; p= 0,005), occupation (ß=-4,12; p= 0,046) and ethnicity (ß=-3,91; p= 0,035), were significant predictors of quality of life. Clinical symptoms (PANSS) also contributed significantly to the model (ß=-6,35; p= ≤ 0,01). As in developed countries, the side effects of antipsychotics have an influence on patients' quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Quality of Life , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Schizophrenic Psychology , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Peru , Bolivia , Linear Models , Chile , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Latin America , Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data
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